IDEs bundle an editor, debugger, build tools and language intelligence into one app. On the Mac the choice usually follows your language: Xcode for Apple platforms, Android Studio for Android, JetBrains IDEs for Java and Kotlin, and lighter editors with extensions for web and scripting work.
Visual Studio Code is free and highly extensible, and VSCodium builds the same source without Microsoft's telemetry and branding. Zed is a fast editor written in Rust. JetBrains Toolbox App installs and updates JetBrains IDEs, while Eclipse and NetBeans IDE remain free choices for Java. Electron-based editors use more memory, so weigh extension ecosystems against speed.